Myth of Purely Positive Dog Training

    • Gold Top Dog

    Myth of Purely Positive Dog Training

    Discuss as you see fit. Just wanted to share this article. ;)

     

    http://www.clickertraining.com/node/988

     

    The Myth of "Purely Positive"

    Melissa Alexander's picture
    Filed in - Dogs - Clicker Digest

    Earlier this month on the ClickerSolutions mailing list, a list member used the term "purely positive," and another member asked what that meant. That began a lively discussion about the myths and misconceptions inherent in this term.

    The meaning of "purely positive" tends to vary according to who is using it. Some clicker trainers use it as a sort of marketing tool, perhaps to indicate that they eschew corrections and attempt to stick with positive reinforcement as much as possible. Traditional trainers use the term as a slur, similarly to how clicker trainers use the terms "punishment trainers" or "pain trainers."

    How, you might ask, can "purely positive" be a slur? It sounds like a wonderful label! It would be, except for two minor complications: "Purely positive" does not exist, and the term is laden with mistaken, half-true, and untrue connotations.

    First, the term implies that clicker trainers use no aversives. Extinction and negative punishment are both used by clicker trainers, and BOTH are aversive. Extinction is every bit as aversive as punishment, sometimes even more so. So even trainers who try to avoid negative punishment still have an aversive element to their training if they're using extinction. All aversives are not created equal. Some are mild and some are severe. Whether the aversive is due to something being added, something being removed, or something just not paying off does not determine the severity of the consequence.

    In the class Pax took in Nov/Dec, the instructor wanted to teach dogs to recall instantly, even if another person was playing with/distracting the dog. She taught this traditionally through collar corrections. She set the dogs up, and if they didn't respond to the recall cue, the owner was to give the dogs a sharp correction. I taught it differently. I instructed people to pet my dog, and then one second after the recall cue... no matter what Pax did... to stand and turn away. We could even practice that without the dog!! There was no decision making there; they heard the cue, counted to one, and then turned away. If Pax chose to stay with the person when I called, he found that all the fun attention went away. No point in that! My solution was just as punishment-based as the instructor's was, but there was no fear, pain or intimidation. Instead, the reinforcer the dog wanted (attention) was tied to his behavior.

    Second, the term "purely positive" suggests that clicker trainers are permissive, that we just ignore unwanted behavior and pretend it doesn't exist. That is blatantly untrue, at least with any trainer with any skill and knowledge. There are many, many ways to effect behavior. Clicker trainers eschew methods that rely on pain, fear, or intimidation. That still leaves a whole world of possibilities open to us.

    Third, the term implies some black and white dichotomy that simply doesn't exist. Training is a whole lot of gray. It's incorrect to assume that because clicker trainers concentrate on positive solutions that all clicker trainers stick to only positive solutions. All clicker trainers are not of one mind. Each trainer has made his own decisions about what is and isn't acceptable to him. Some use NRMs; some don't. Some say "No" or make "buzzer" sounds; some don't. Some use mild physical punishers like sprays of water or citronella or noise-related booby traps; some don't. Some use negative reinforcement in various fashions; some don't. Some use some of the above in real life but not in training.

    As one list member eloquently noted, clicker trainers must stop using the term, because it is, due to these misconceptions, hurting our credibility. As she said, "No one trains by positive reinforcement alone. No one always, in all their dealings with a dog, avoids all possible aversive experiences. Minimizing them is one thing. Not directly employing them to instruct is one thing. But implying there is some kind of purity turns this into a religion, and a pissing contest, consciously or not."

    • Gold Top Dog

    Sounds about right to me.  So what would be a good term to use?  We can coin a new term for trainers that use mostly positive reinforcement or believe in PR over PP.

    "Primarily positive trainer"

    "Rewards based trainer"

    "PR and NP trainer"

    Big Smile
     

    • Gold Top Dog

     I simply say that I am a reward-based, motivational dog trainer. Nothing wrong with rewarding or motivation, nor does it imply that I'm some extremist from the purely positive mindset that would never ever correct a dog in its life. :p But, I'm sure if "purely positive" trainers joined in labeling themselves reward-based or motivational, those terms may also eventually become a negative connotation simply because all they are is renaming their purely positive mindset to a term that doesn't yet have that negative connotation.

     Mostly, I simply think more trainers need to actually understand that they are NOT "purely positive". There are many trainers out there today that truly believe they are purely positive trainers.
     

    • Gold Top Dog

    Your avatar is a dog's nose.  I could not see it until now.

    • Gold Top Dog

    DPU

    Your avatar is a dog's nose.  I could not see it until now.


     

    Yes it is. :D 

    • Gold Top Dog

    tashakota

    Sounds about right to me.  So what would be a good term to use?  We can coin a new term for trainers that use mostly positive reinforcement or believe in PR over PP.

    "Primarily positive trainer"

    "Rewards based trainer"

    "PR and NP trainer"

    Big Smile
     

     

    What was that one taht was floating around a while ago... Least Invasive, Minimally Aversive? LIMA. 

    I think most people THINK they are being... LIMA....though.  Surely if you thought you were being harsher than necessary you would take a step back and re-think?  I think, the trouble is no what they label themselves, but that they insist on labelling everyone else!

    - - -

    I agree that the "purely positive" thing IS a myth... can't think of a single person here who professes to be purely positive though.  The closest would be spiritdogs, who has said many times that she uses corrections.... but starts with the most gentle method and works up.  The other name that springs to mind would be mudpuppy, who uses e-collars for proofing recall unless I am mistaken, and has also recommended environmental punishment, although not owner-delivered punishment.

    So, would anyone else like to join in as we sing to the choir? Big Smile
     

    • Gold Top Dog

     What key would you like? Big Smile

    Just stepping in to say that, while I use corrections, I use those that have been shown to have little to no tendency to cause pain or anxiety to the dogs.  For example, I don't think it's a bad thing to place a sheet of tin foil on a couch to teach a dog that the couch isn't the best resting place, whether the owner is home or not.  But, if you asked me whether I would use a scat mat for the same purpose, which delivers a shock to the dog, however slight, the answer is no. 

    • Gold Top Dog

    A big sheet of card, with tape wound round it sticky side out, can also be effective, albeit for a short period of time.  As can wire mesh or any surface which is generally unpleasant enough that the dog doesn't want to transfer his weight on to it. 

    • Gold Top Dog

    spiritdogs

     What key would you like? Big Smile

    ...while I use corrections, I use those that have been shown to have little to no tendency to cause pain or anxiety to the dogs. 

    You see the line is really blurred between the traditional way and the positive way, just a different take and justfication to continue human dominance and trickery on the dog.  I rehab the hard to place shelter dogs and I observe very closely how training methods cause stress that results in behavior problems arising.  There are ways to get a very well mannered and behaved dog by not introducing stress and conflicts.  I have come up with a few and will continue to seek alternative ways.  My thinking is that if a professional dog trainers were really serious about understanding dog behavior they would deal on a day to day basis with the problem/issue dogs that are in the shelters.  So much can be learned from these dogs to help the average dog owner's pet.

    • Gold Top Dog

    DPU
    You see the line is really blurred between the traditional way and the positive way, just a different take and justfication to continue human dominance and trickery on the dog. 

     

    I don't believe I "dominate" or "trick" my dog.  I empower him by showing him ways to get the things he wants/needs... and displaying appropriate hebavhiours in the process.

    DPU
    I rehab the hard to place shelter dogs and I observe very closely how training methods cause stress that results in behavior problems arising. 

     

    You say this sort of thing quite often and while it sounds very impressive, I don't actually have any idea what you are realy talking about.  I would be interested in the specifics.  What behaviour problems have arisen from which training methods?   

    DPU
    My thinking is that if a professional dog trainers were really serious about understanding dog behavior they would deal on a day to day basis with the problem/issue dogs that are in the shelters.

    What makes you so fast to assume they don't?! Big Smile

    DPU
    So much can be learned from these dogs to help the average dog owner's pet.

     

    I do agree with you on this score. 

    • Gold Top Dog

    Chuffy

    I don't believe I "dominate" or "trick" my dog.  I empower him by showing him ways to get the things he wants/needs... and displaying appropriate hebavhiours in the process.

    If I read your post correctly, you empower the dog by conflict choices and limiting choices to human preferences.  When there is conflict, there is stress, and where there is stress, then stress hormones are released which puts the dog on edge (some interpret this as increased motivation).  Those hormones are present in the body for days and with repeated exposure to conflict situations, more stress hormones are released so the dog becomes more sensitve to events that it previously handled well. 

    For me I empower a new dog entering my home by giving the dog a long acclimation period and gradually introduce human preference choices by controlling the dog's exposure to events.  e.g the dog has to get acclimated and behave on the property before the dog ventures out off the property to go for walks in the neighborhood.  Only a Purely Positive Dog Training can help the dog get balanced....conflict choices makes these dog worse in my experience.

    • Gold Top Dog

    DPU
    e.g the dog has to get acclimated and behave on the property before the dog ventures out off the property to go for walks in the neighborhood. 

    I don't see how you are getting a well behaved dog and equating that with a never stressed dog.  As soon as you introduce something new you have the potential for the dog to be stressed by it.  You are never going to be able to control every aspect of a dogs life so they are never stressed. 

    • Gold Top Dog

    willowchow

    You are never going to be able to control every aspect of a dogs life so they are never stressed. 

    True, my idea is avoid or minimize.  For a dog that is in rehab, careful observation is needed to detect when stress levels are elevating.  When that happens I give the dog what it wants and then take a step backwards because the dog was not ready for the exposure.  Stress hormones released are good for the dog but not in abundance.  The goal is to get the dog to be able to cope with conflict situation, as you might say, conflict situations are part of every day life.

    • Gold Top Dog

    DPU

    Chuffy

    I don't believe I "dominate" or "trick" my dog.  I empower him by showing him ways to get the things he wants/needs... and displaying appropriate hebavhiours in the process.

    If I read your post correctly, you empower the dog by conflict choices and limiting choices to human preferences. 

     

    First you would have to tell me what you mean by "conflict choices and limiting choices to human preferences".  THEN I can tell you whether you read it corrcetly or not.  Where there is conflict?  Why does it cause stress?  

    DPU
    For me I empower a new dog entering my home by giving the dog a long acclimation period and gradually introduce human preference choices by controlling the dog's exposure to events.  e.g the dog has to get acclimated and behave on the property before the dog ventures out off the property to go for walks in the neighborhood. 

     

    Here again we are in agreement.  I also allow a period of acclimation, but this doesn't mean I set no rules whatsoever.  Example: I want the pee outside.  If I let the dog pee wherever he likes for a few weeks, it will then be much harder to teach him where I want him to eliminate.  But I achive the "pee in right place" by management - just mking sure that when the dog is likely to need to go, he is outdoors.  I think this is what you mean by "controlling exposure to events"?  

    DPU
    Only a Purely Positive Dog Training can help the dog get balanced....

     

    I highly doubt such a thing exists.  How do you train "sit", for example?  Surely you reward and praise the dog when he "sits" for you, so that he will keep on doing it?  Do you then reward and praise if he doesn't sit, just the same as if he did, to ensure that there is no "conflict", no "witholding" of any sort?  I am puzled.

    • Gold Top Dog

    Chuffy

    I highly doubt such a thing exists. 

    If Purely Positive training does not exist for you, then Negatives have to be in play while training, hence a conflict, opposing emotions, pretty obvious and self evident to me.