Amaranth

    • Silver

    Amaranth

    OK - for those of you that remember the thread on using Amaranth in dog food, I offered to contact the FDA and several companies that do use amaranth in their foods.  Finally, I have an update.
     
    For starters, the only dog food company that got back to me was Solid Gold and they didn't have anything new to say except that it was OK to use, in so many words or less.
     
    However, I did receive a nice response from the FDA.  It is a bit lengthy, but, here it is for all that are interested:
     
    This email letter is in response to your November 17, 2005 email addressed to Dr. Marcia Larkins of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) regarding the inclusion of amaranth grain in pet food.  You requested information on the safety of feeding amaranth grain and clarification on its use in animal feed products.
    Pet food is considered an animal feed and is not differentiated from traditional animal feeds in federal regulations.  The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) (§402 and §403) requires that pet foods be pure and wholesome; contain no deleterious, harmful, or unapproved substances; and be truthfully labeled.  Labeling of animal feed is subject to federal and state regulations.  Labeling of animal feed must comply with the regulations in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations Part 501 (21 CFR 501), and pet foods should follow the Pet Food and Specialty Pet Food Model Regulations published in the Official Publication (OP) of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).  It is the responsibility of the feed manufacturer/distributor to ensure it is in compliance with the applicable laws and requirements.
    Ingredients used in an animal feed product must be listed on the label by their common or usual name in descending order of predominance by weight (21 CFR 501.4).  Ingredients used in an animal feed product must be either an approved food additive (21 CFR 573) or a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance (21 CFR 582 and 584).  CVM has used regulatory discretion and permitted ingredients defined in the AAFCO OP to be used in animal feed.  CVM recognizes the ingredient names in the AAFCO OP as the common or usual name.  Amaranth grain is not an approved food additive, GRAS substance, or defined in the AAFCO OP.  At this time, amaranth grain is considered an unapproved food additive when used in animal feed.
    You inquired about the safety of amaranth grain in animal feed.  Several anti-nutritive factors have been identified in grain amaranth that have resulted in reductions in animal performance.  Trypsin inhibitor activity, tannin, phytate, and saponins have been identified in amaranth.  The triterpene saponin concentration of amaranth seeds is 0.09-0.1% of dry matter and can rise to 0.18% during germination.  A toxicity study was conducted in hamsters and the lethal dose of saponins was calculated as 1100 mg/kg BW         
    [Oleszek, W., M. Junkuszew, and A. Stochmal (1999).  "Determination and toxicity of
    saponins from Amaranthus cruentus seeds."  J Agric Food Chem 47:3685-3687].  CVM does not have safety information on the use of amaranth grain in pet food and has found evidence to support that at high levels of inclusion, amaranth grain has negative effects on animal performance. 


    Because safety concerns associated with feeding amaranth grain have been identified, CVM considers amaranth grain to be an unapproved food additive when used in an animal feed.  At this time, amaranth grain should not be included in any animal feed marketed in the United States.  If you wish to pursue the use of amaranth grain in animal feed, you will need to provide evidence that amaranth grain provides a nutritional benefit and that the intended use is safe for both the target species and for humans who may consume the edible animal products (meat, milk, and eggs) if used in livestock diets.  
    • Gold Top Dog
    So it appears that it should not be in our kibble.  HHhmmm,,wasn't it presented as a good thing in the original post about it?
    Seems to me that I just read it as an ingredient in one of Eagle Packs kibble, like maybe the holistic chicken that I just bought.      I'll have to check that.!!
    • Silver
    No, it should not be in kibble.  The only way it would be allowed would be if the manufacturer presented the FDA with a particular reason for using it and proving it was safe to use in quantities proposed.
    No dog food manufacturer has responded to my asking if they had received an exception from the FDA that allowed them to use amaranth.  To me, that says a lot and was quite disappointing - surprising at the least because these were all high end kibble companies. 
    • Gold Top Dog
    Did you make a note of which dog food companies use it?
    I just went into the Eagle website under the holistic chicken that I thought I read it in but it was not in there, it was another A  ingredient.   I hope Eagle doesn't use it at all. But Solid Gold is supposed to be such a great food and they use it???
    • Gold Top Dog
    It's in most of the Timberwolf Organics formulas.
     
    Forgive me if this is a stupid question...the letter says "Amaranth grain"... so what if they're using the leaves? Would that also be unsafe?
    • Gold Top Dog
    Okay, now I'm getting concerned.   I just went back to the old forum to pick up this conversation. I myself made a post as to what was good about Amaranth even though I didn't know what it was...I looked it up to help answer a question about it in that thread.  NOW I can't remember if I just put it in SEARCH or what.   I just don't want it in my kibble...and wonder how it can be put in any of the better brands if its not supposed to be there according to the FDA!!!
    • Bronze
    So what is the consensus? I was going to begin feeding solid-gold but now i'm thinking twice about it.... 
    • Silver
    I'm not quite sure how exactly they get away with it - lack of regulatory control on state level for starters.  Each state is different, but, most require the label be approved by the dept of agriculture and require only ingredients approved by FDA and AAFCO.  This is suppose to be done for each product sold. 
     
    I don't remember all the companies that use amaranth, Dyan - you'll just have to watch the labels - yes, Timberwolf was one and I did not receive a response from them.  There were a couple of others.  I'll see if I can find them again.
     
    For what it's worth, here are Solid Gold's responses - note, in the second response, they referred to amaranth as plant matter, not grain amaranth - in the first response, it was referred to as a grain.
     
     
    From: [linkhttp://us.f377.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=dane@solidgoldhealth.com]Solid Gold[/link] To: [linkhttp://us.f377.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=Missmiser@comcast.net]'Gail'[/link] Sent: Friday, November 18, 2005 3:21 PMSubject: RE: Amaranth

    Thank you for your inquiry,
    I have also done quite a bit of research on saponins and amaranth as it applies to dog food safety. First of all, saponins are a large family of compounds (good and bad) and are present in many plants, not just amaranth. Most of them are destroyed by cooking and processing. Further, they are being investigated for their healthful benefits in people such as lowering cholesterol and increasing immune responses. I#%92m not quite sure what you concern is specifically perhaps you can clarify it for me. In my reading, I came across articles in which people suggested that saponins were responsible for bloat in cattle. “Bloat” in cattle is not cause by the same thing that causes it in dogs. In dogs, the medical term for bloat is called gastric dilatation-volvulus. This results from the stomach turning on itself (torsion) and creating a physical barrier so that gas cannot escape. Bloat in cattle is related to the microorganisms which grow in their gut to help them digest the roughage that they eat.
    Amaranth is a good alternative to traditional grains and is a good source of fiber. It is arguably less allergenic than other grains used in dog food today such as corn and wheat.
    The FDA does not update its approval list for animals as often as it does for humans, but there are allowances made for grains that are similar to those already on the list.
    I short, I personally believe the benefits far outweigh the risks and I feed our products to my personal pets.
    I hope this answers any concerns you have, please contact me if you are still concerned.
    Best regards,
    Solid Gold 
     
    Second response:
     
    The level of saponins doesn#%92t tell much, since there are both detrimental and beneficial aspects to the compounds. The fact that the food has passed every test that AAFCO tells us we have to perform tells us that its safe. This is why we conduct feeding trials. We also have a veterinarian review our formulas to make sure that they are ok. Be aware that many plants are going to contain saponins, because they are so ubiquitous among plants. Generally, as far as I#%92m aware, allowances are made for plants that are in the same families as those on the list.
     
    Best regards,
    Solid Gold
     
    Personally, I wouldn't feed amaranth in any form in large quantities.  The amount used in dog food would be a fair amount and I wouldn't be comfortable with that. 
    • Gold Top Dog
    First of all, I don't know if I'm buying this or not from them. This statement doesn't seem right:
     I came across articles in which people suggested that saponins were responsible for bloat in cattle. “Bloat” in cattle is not cause by the same thing that causes it in dogs. In dogs, the medical term for bloat is called gastric dilatation-volvulus. This results from the stomach turning on itself (torsion) and creating a physical barrier so that gas cannot escape. Bloat in cattle is related to the microorganisms which grow in their gut to help them digest the roughage that they eat.
    I mainly say this because with all of the reading that I have been doing on bloat becuase of our Danes,,,,I have never read one single article saying that anyone knows what causes bloat in dogs..so how do they know at Solid Gold? There is only theories.  
    If it is not supposed to be in dog food, its not supposed to be in there. And whether FDA updates their approval list often or not only means that they did not say it was okay to put amaranth in the food.
    • Silver
    I've never read that anyone knows what causes bloat, either.  There are theories and there are studies that disprove previous studies, that are later disproved by current studies, etc., etc., etc. 
     
    Again, I would be nervous feeding kibble with amaranth as a main carb source.  That would be quite a large amount considering the amount of grain that is typically used in dog food. 
    • Gold Top Dog
    Gee, if it wasn't taking so long to figure out my way around this board and to put Bubby picture in...I MIGHT have time to figure out which food had Amaranth!!! 
    YIKES!!!  [:@]
    • Silver
    Timberwolf Organics (fish blend I believe), Felidae cat food (not sure about Canidae dog foods), and I heard Eagle has a blend with it. 
     
    I did email the three companies and did not receive a response from either of them  regarding amaranth. 
    • Gold Top Dog
    Well this was interesting.  I was trying to check out Eagle.  I put it in search and finally came up with Amaranth in Eagles Holistic Select Chicken.   But when I went into the website I opened the ingredient list of most of their formulas and all of the holistics and none of them had amaranth in them.  So I remembered I had a brochure that I thought was pretty current and it  had it in their Holistic Select Chicken formula,,,,,but  this brochure shows a few different ingredients in it.  Whole ground barley  is the third ingredient in my brochure and oatmeal is the third on the website..so I am assuming the website is more current. If that is the case then they no longer have amaranth in their food.   Maybe someone else here knows for sure.   Of course since I feed Eagle that would be my concern.
    • Silver
    Interesting.  Can you call Eagle?
    • Gold Top Dog
    I was going to write to them last night. BUT two things.
    I know you said you wrote to a bunch of companies, I wondered if Eagle was one of them?  Because you said Solid Gold was the only one that answered and I have never had a problem with Eagle not answering. I didn't want to repeat the question if you had already asked.
    Also, I know the fellow from Eagle sometimes posts here and I thought maybe he would give us some in site.  
    Of course going over to a new forum kind of screws up a lot of things, because for some of us it takes so long to figure out how to set up all over again and just don't have the time.    But if you didn't write to Eagle to ask, I will.   I really am curious since I have two different information sheets on the same product!