papillon806
Posted : 1/30/2007 1:33:16 PM
I did want to add why I do not like Nature's Logic. Their company states: (from their site) "Of the AAFCO required vitamins and minerals, 19 out of 23 exceeded the AAFCO minimum requirements. One vitamin found naturally in small amounts in the diet but not meeting the AAFCO minimum requirement was Vitamin D. The AAFCO minimum level is 500 IU/kg which would be hard to meet with any food. Nature's Logic does not intend to ever use chemically synthesize Vitamin D to meet this AAFCO nutrient profile for two reasons. The NRC, in its book, "Vitamin Tolerance of Animals”, plainly states that Vitamin D is not required in the diet if sufficient amounts of sunlight are received. Adequate sunlight results in the production of sufficient vitamin D from the skin - naturally. Nature never intended for animals or humans to consume chemically synthesized forms of Vitamin D, but nature did intend humans and animals to be exposed to sunlight. If one chooses not to expose their pets to some needed sunlight, the alternative is to risk the supplementing of chemically synthesized Vitamin D. Some of the hypervitaminosis (vitamin toxicity) associated with over exposure to chemically synthesized forms of vitamin D in dogs are hypercalcemia, cardiovascular and nephrocalcinosis and increased blood pressure. Isn't sunlight better?"
There was a study done with dogs a while back regarding whether or not dogs needed calcium intake in the diet or if they could get sufficient amounts from the sun.
This is snip's from the study as it was a large one...if you would like me to attach the whole thing, I will be happy to do so if it will help:
Vitamin D3 metabolism in dogs
H. A. W. Hazewinkel[linkhttp://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#m4.cor*]
[/link], [email=h.a.w.hazewinkel@vet.uu.nl]
[/email] and M. A. Tryfonidou
Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
1. Introduction
The healing of rickets, a skeletal disease which appeared in epidemic proportions during the urbanization and industrialization of UK in the early 1900s, was first described by [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib33]Mellanby (191

[/link] in dogs. He fed dogs on oatmeal until they developed clinical and radiological signs of rickets similar to rickets in children: curved bones, thin cortices and enlarged growth plates. The skeletal changes could be prevented and cured by cod liver oil, which contained a substance later known as vitamin D (vitD) ( [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib32]McCollum et al., 1922[/link]). An independent study revealed that sunlight could prevent rickets in children ( [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib25]Huldshinsky, 1919[/link]) and cure rickets in goats ( [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib51]Steenbock and Hart, 1913[/link]). These observations were the impetus for studies on the involvement of vitD in calcium (Ca) metabolism and skeletal development in different species. Amphibians, reptiles, and birds are believed to synthesize sufficient cholecalciferol (vitD3) in their skin under the influence of ultraviolet light ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib23]Holick, 1990[/link]). Both herbivores and omnivores synthesize vitD3 in their skin during the summer and utilize ergocalciferol (vitD2) or vitD3 from feed the rest of the year ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib23]Holick, 1990[/link]). However, carnivores such as the domestic dog and cat are solely dependent on oral intake to meet their vitD3 requirement ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib24]How[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib34]Morris[/link]). Both natural food and commercially available complete dog food contain sufficient vitD3 to fulfill a dog's vitD3 requirement ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#tbl1]Table 1[/link]) ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib38]NRC[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib1]AAFCO[/link]). Therefore in domesticated dogs rickets is only seen under extreme circumstances, such as a strict vegetarian ration, biliary atresia, and inborn errors of vitD3 metabolism ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib26]Johnson[/link]; [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib28]Kealy[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib48]Schulze[/link]).
4. Discussion
Dogs are fully dependent on their dietary intake of vitD3 since they are not able to synthesize vitD3 in their skin under the influence of ultraviolet light ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib18]Hazewinkel[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib24]How[/link]). Nevertheless, rickets is rare in dogs, due to the presence of vitD3 in natural foods and commercially available balanced dog foods ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib27]Kallfelz[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib28]Kealy[/link]). VitD3-metabolites play a crucial role in active Ca absorption and skeletal mineralization, especially when there is an extremely low dietary mineral content ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib16]Harrison and Harrison, 1942[/link]). In study I, we demonstrated however that young dogs may develop radiological and histological signs of rickets even though the mineral content of their food meets the requirements ( [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib38]NRC, 1974[/link]), and plasma Ca and P concentrations do not differ from control values. The defective mineralization of both newly formed osteoid and cartilage limits the loss of extracellular Ca, thus keeping plasma Ca concentrations within biological safe margins under the influence of high plasma PTH concentrations.
Large- and small-breed dogs with dietary Ca deficiency
had significantly increased plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations together with hyperparathyroidism.
Because of a decreased Ca intake, hyperparathyroidism develops, resulting in the stimulation of the 1α-hydroxylase and thus increased 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. If there is a negative Ca balance, 1α-hydroxylation occurs at the expense of 24-hydroxylation ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib22]Henry, 1997[/link]).
Active Ca absorption is stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 by the induction of Ca-binding proteins in intestinal cells, which increases the efficiency of Ca absorption ** ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib55]Wasserman and Fullmer, 1995[/link]). Metabolic studies with 45Ca as a tracer have revealed that the fraction of Ca absorbed from food increases from approximately 45% in dogs raised on diet containing 1.1% Ca to more than 95% in large- or small-breed pups raised on a Ca-deficient diet (with 0.55 and 0.05% Ca, respectively) ([link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib20]Hazewinkel[/link] and [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib35]Nap[/link]). Despite the increase in fractional Ca absorption, severe osteoporosis was seen in both large- and small-breed dogs raised on a Ca-deficient diet due to hyperparathyroidism which increased osteoclasia ( [link
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3G-471W39S-1&_user=130907&_coverDate=11%2F29%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=130907&md5=12acaffcaf32c8d82ea08d0cc7a83d39#bib31]Malluche et al., 1986[/link]).
**Showing that this effected nutrient absorption in the intestines
I sent this to Nature's Logic about 4 months ago and have yet to get a response.....