Since I am not prone to long posts, I haven't figured out how to do the alternating quote thing (not a great student of HTML) so I will bold my answers, if you don't mind...
I'm sorry to drag this up again, but I'm just feeling vaguely
bothered by the use of food right now. I think DPU has been
having a sub-conscious effect on me.
I don't mind you bringing up the subject again, but if you have David in your subconscious mind, you'd better get him outta there before he does some serious damage LOL.
My thought is, what if by
using treats as rewards in everyday training with a food motivated dog,
you actually diminish the value of food and then cripple yourself a
little when you need really high value rewards?
If you use a less valuable reward for everyday (bits of Cheerios, or kibble, perhaps) and a high value food for difficult situations (garlic roast beef, or maybe liver brownies), then you really don't need to worry about this. The strength of using food, or any other reinforcer, does not lie in keeping on using it forever. It's really just a tool to get the dog to understand that he just did the right thing, and once he knows that particular behavior and its cue, you aren't going to be using food every time, just intermittently, for that particular behavior.
If food is always used in the learning process, is a jackpot really a jackpot?
I find that dogs do understand that several bits of food, as opposed to only one bit of food, is a jackpot.
I know that most
people use higher value food items and lower value food items to match
the level of motivation they're after, but I'm just wondering.... with
Penny at least, she doesn't really care that much about good food and
mediocre food. It's all food to her, and if it comes out of the hands
of a person, chances are it's fantastic. I'm assuming this idea has
been reinforced quite a lot during her life, and I don't have an
especial problem with it, I just wonder if by rewarding her with any
kind of food, she's got the idea that food from hands is always
fantastic and if she gets something mediocre, she just figures she need
only wait for the high value stuff she knows is there somewhere (even
though it's not).
I really think it's ok if my dogs think that only wonderful things come from my hands, and I have not found that to be a problem. So what if she waits for the high value food. The way it works in my house is that if I ask for a behavior and the dog complies, he/she will get a reward. The reward could be anything they normally like - food, toy, go out, butt scritch, verbal praise, etc. They never know what it will be, but that is what keeps them doing as I ask - hope. And, occasionally, their hope materializes into a really cool reward - liver, frisbee, tripe, whatever.
Perhaps some of what David has been saying has some truth in it, and by using food as a reward you create a habitual learning environment dependent to a degree on the presence of food. The way Penny doesn't learn so great when food is there, but learns fast when I teach with praise when out on walks, because that's the way I have generally taught her things in the past. Now, she's a highly food-motivated dog, but she has learnt fine without it and is at this moment one of the most reliably obedient dogs I personally know (I don't know many dogs).
All this tells me is that somewhere along the way, she has been shown food BEFORE she exhibits behavior. So, for example, you may have lured too many times. You may be accidentally crinkling the treat bag, etc. Try training with voice but back it up with treats that come from somewhere other than your person. For example, hide the rewards up on top of the fridge - she gets the behavior correct, you praise, but then you both run quickly to the fridge where you suddenly make a tidbit appear! How cool is that? She will think you are the most fun. The reason she has learned without food is that she is a working breed, pre-programmed to work well with humans. I can train Sequoyah to do new behaviors with or without food, with or without a frisbee... But, some breeds are more disposed toward independence. So, my advice is that we always need to use a reinforcer that the DOG wants, and is willing to work for. Where I get cranky is when people want to force the dog to learn with the motivators that the people think the dog should want, and usually they are less successful than trainers who try to determine their dogs' favorite reinforcers and use them to their advantage in the training process. Just like us, not all dogs are created equal. If I tried to train Sioux using a frisbee, she would just stare blankly into space. She wants liver brownies. For Sequoyah, the frisbee is better than steak.
And, inevitably, I'm influenced by my hare, who doesn't respond to food or praise, but for the sake of communication can achieve some incredible things and does tend to respond to my emotional state better than the dog does. He's certainly not trained in the sense that dogs are, but I've generally been able to influence his behaviour just through finding ways to communicate with him. He's not a social animal, but he lives in a social group and he likes harmony in the group, and if he happens across a behaviour that increases the group harmony, or makes members of the group happy, he tends towards that behaviour more often as long as it doesn't conflict with his own happiness.
A little OT, but I liked this article about taming feral rabbits. For them, KP suggests timing the click, at first, with when the rabbit takes a bite of food voluntarily - that way the click still gets associated with food. A bit different than the way we usually charge the clicker for the dog, by clicking and following the click with a treat.
Anyway, interesting reading: http://www.clickertraining.com/node/26
So what I'm finding myself thinking is that food is an obvious reward, and definitely a good way to get animals to do something they wouldn't normally do, but maybe its obviousness is a little blinding and it's easy to use it where something more subtle might work just as well and have some surprising, positive side-effects.
Again, I think that we create "obviousness" ourselves by letting the animal know that the food is present. When we are more subtle, as with the refrigerator scenario, they tend to be less blinded. That's not to say that something more subtle than the inevitable food doesn't work, but that, alas, depends on the dog. Subtle is frequently less effective with Bulldogs than with Beaucerons...
As I said in another thread, I'm also wondering about food and competition in dogs. Our dogs at home are very well fed and get regular meals, but they still behave competetively about food towards one another. I'm wondering if this is some of Penny's problem with food obsession, and if it might be sensible to completely eliminate perceived competetion by feeding in crates.
Yes!!! The only time my dogs are "fed" together is when I am asking them to perform behaviors in each other's presence. So, for example, if I want to work on "down" with distractions, I might ask Sioux to "down" while the other two get a cookie. But, for doing it, once I release her, she might get to run to the bedroom with me and those silly other dogs only got biscuits, but the liver brownie was in the bedroom! Or, I might just reward her, then ask the other two to "down" or "high five" or some other behavior. They also learn that when they are together, great things tend to happen for all of them, especially if they do as I ask.
I crate my girls in my room, and feed Maska in the kitchen. They never have to compete for food on their own. This has also had the effect that the whole pack of them will lick my plate, all tongues in the same area, and no one snarking at the other dogs.
This is just the tip of the iceberg of my see-sawing ideas on food at the moment, folks. I'd love to have a lovely, deep discussion about the merits and possible disadvantages of food both in training and in everyday living with dogs. Let's discuss some wild possibilities just for the sake of it. I haven't made my mind up about food yet, and I need lots of input.
I don't think that people should feel that they have to use food, but IME, they should not discount using it based on false theories. To find out what your own dog likes best, ask. Put the dog in situations where they get to choose. Example, even with food, some dogs like certain things better. We have "cheese dogs" in class sometimes, who will go gaga for mozarella and turn their noses up at chicken. Some dogs like salmon brownies better than beef. Some dogs like frisbees better than any of those. If you were in my week one lecture, one of the first things you would be asked to do is to go home and figure out your dog's five favorite things - food or otherwise.
BTW, I almost put this post in the training section. I'm still not really sure whether it belongs here, but I guess I'm talking not just about food in training, but in general life as well.
Food is necessary for life, which makes it a powerful motivator for all of us. But, there's no disagreeing that some of us use it inappropriately, whether for ourselves or our dogs. And, some of us are "anorexic" about it when it comes to training. Moderation in all things, I guess.
