Lee Charles Kelley
Posted : 3/3/2008 12:10:21 PM
ron2
I also happen to think, for the most part, (my own theory, if you will) that there is no sharp dividing line between sapient and not sapient. It's a gradual thing.
You're not alone in thinking that way. It's the difference between seeing intelligence as part of a continuum, and seeing it as coming in discrete chunks. The continuum theory kind of sees intelligence as being like water in a glass. A few drops and you've got a grasshopper, half full and you've got a dog or Paris Hilton, with a full glass and you've got Isaac Newton or Orson Welles. I see it more as a matter of different types of substances filling the glass, not how full or empty the glass is with just one substance. So I see it as being maybe rocks on the bottom, perhaps sand a little further up, maybe some tea leaves after that, then water, then whisky, then some ineffable substance that can't quite be defined.
I know some people are defensive of an animal's capabilities for thought, but the simple fact is, you've either got language or you don't. That's a biological fact. That's one very clear and specific dividing line. In The Symbolic Species (1997) Terrence Deacon, a neuroscientist at Boston University, writes, “Species that have not acquired the ability to communicate symbolically cannot have acquired the ability to think this way either.” It’s apparent that dogs don’t communicate by using symbols, so according to Deacon they can’t possibly make symbolic references. That, in and of itself, is a limiting factor in regards to the dog's ability to engage in all kinds of higher dognitive functions.
The thing about dogs, at least from my perspective of actually studying cognitive science and certain related fields over the past 15 years or so, is that they're so smart and so clever with the kinds of dognitive abilities they actually do have, and the fact that there appears to be some underlying, lower-level functions such as pattern recognition that are like sub-routines or pre-cursors to logic and conceptualization, that it's quite easy for us to believe our dogs can think. But there's another dividing line besides language, which is an awareness of time. Logical thinking not only requires language, it requires chrono-logical thinking. When we see a dog pause while deciding which of two actions to choose, we often believe that that pause indicates he's engaging in a chronological and/or purely logical thought process; he's adding things up. That's because our brains are kind of designed to fill that empty space, that pause in the action, with our own thoughts. So we impute that ability onto the dog. What's really going on though, in that pause in the action, is more a matter of the dog's attraction building to a point that he takes a specific action based on his level of attraction (and other factors). He may make choices about things based on his level of energy flow, but those kinds of choices are not in the same ballpark as making logical decisions.
Anyway, that's how I see it,
LCK