When I have burr issues in a horses tail, I use "Show Sheen" to make the coat slippery and they are MUCH easier to remove. It is a silicone spray. It becomes very slippery when dry. We use it to not rip out hair. "Cowboy Magic" is a similar product too, but that may not work as well. With the Show Sheen, it may help prevent them from sticking as badly later too. I don't think it will hurt your dogs skin. It is meant for use on a horses body too for shine.
Oh I hate the thought of clippers on a Golden. Yes it grows back, I just hate that look. I have 2 Goldens. I don't have burdock issues (MI) my problem is usually too much swimming, too much coat and we end up in clumps. Don't clip unless you have to.
Show Sheen should be available at any horse supply store. Do you have Tractor Supply stores where you are? They might have it too. I would think in TX (that is where you said you live isn't it?) there would be a lot of horse supply type stores not too far away.
Good Luck!